An underground market for unlicensed weight-loss drugs is being driven by social media fitness personalities and sellers on communication apps, according to new investigations.
Retatrutide, which remains in clinical trials, is being advertised by online personalities for its alleged fat-burning properties. Viewers are encouraged to message these accounts directly for source information, while also obtaining discount codes.
Separately, a robust market exists on Telegram, where groups with thousands of members share comparison images, administration instructions and claims of next-day UK delivery. Sellers market the substance there before directing buyers to other platforms for transactions.
This medication is an investigational injectable developed by US drugmaker Eli Lilly. The drug targets three gut hormones – glucagon-like peptide-1, GIP and glucagon. Early trials indicate it could help patients reduce up to a quarter of their body weight. Referred to as the “triple G”, the drug is being hailed digitally as the successor to Ozempic.
Nevertheless, doctors and chemists have cautions that the distribution of what is still an unapproved drug in the UK is a cause for concern and could lead to individuals injecting substances of uncertain source.
Several experts said the demand for retatrutide could be linked to the increasing price of licensed weight loss treatments such as Mounjaro.
Marketing retatrutide on social media or messaging apps is prohibited in the United Kingdom, as it is an unapproved medication that must not be promoted or distributed for human use under the Human Medicines Regulations 2012.
Several content creators attempt to sidestep the rules by referring to the drug as a “research chemical” or describing it as “not for human consumption”. Retatrutide is not a controlled drug, but advertising and supply can still breach pharmaceutical, advertising, and customer laws, risking penalties, legal action or prison.
Based on TikTok, the platform has taken down problematic material and banned related hashtags and query recommendations. The organization said it was dedicated to keeping the service secure and investing in enhancing enforcement strategies.
Research also found communities with up to nine thousand members selling retatrutide using the platform's integrated search feature, which functions like a online catalog. Entering “retatrutide” instantly brings up channels with numerous of users, populated with photos of slimming results, positive testimonials and step-by-step guides for mixing or administering at residence.
Within minutes of joining one group, a seller shared contact information, where most transactions take place. The vendor sent an instruction manual and promised delivery within 48 hours. When asked whether the product was authentic, one seller said: “You can’t be sure.” Another provided a image of a alleged laboratory certificate. None inquired about body mass, medical conditions or previous experience.
Inside these groups, messages show dark colored parcels with Royal Mail stickers, claiming to include new batches. One communication read: “It took eight of us to load them this morning.”
Customers can choose between dry substance containers, prepared at residence with sterile water, or ready-to-use injectors usually priced at 160 pounds for 20mg. When asked how much time a injector should be used, vendors give conflicting responses varying between a few weeks to “depends on your body”.
A representative for the messaging service said it regularly moderated dangerous content on its service including material that promoted the “misuse of controlled medications”. The company added that it removed “millions of pieces of harmful content each day”.
“People are administering substances they cannot confirm. Even if the science behind retatrutide is valid, these digital products may not include what they claim,” stated Jason Murphy, the head of pharmacy at a pharmacy service.
Dr Crystal Wyllie of Asda Online Doctor linked the surge in interest to current price rises for approved slimming medications such as Mounjaro. “With costs increasing, patients are turning to social media. But fake injections are highly risky. You can’t be certain what’s inside or whether the environment they were made in was clean,” she explained.
Her team has already seen patients harmed by self-injection from unconfirmed suppliers. “We recognize the frustration, but purchasing from messaging apps or WhatsApp is gambling with your health,” said Wyllie. “These substances could be contaminated or improperly measured.”
A spokesperson from the pharmaceutical company said retatrutide was in phase 3 clinical trials and had not been reviewed or authorized by any regulatory agency anywhere in the world. “Therefore at this time no one can sell [it] for human use,” they explained, adding that any product “falsely representing itself as a company experimental substance not yet authorized … may subject patients to possibly serious health risks”.
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